Learning difficulties
Making something hard to read means it is more likely to be remembered
A PARADOX of education is that presenting information in a way that looks easy to learn often has the opposite effect. Numerous studies have demonstrated that when people are forced to think hard about what they are shown they remember it better, so it is worth looking at ways this can be done. And a piece of research about to be published in Cognition, by Daniel Oppenheimer, a psychologist at Princeton University, and his colleagues, suggests a simple one: make the text conveying the information harder to read.
This article appeared in the Science & technology section of the print edition under the headline “Learning difficulties”

From the October 16th 2010 edition
Discover stories from this section and more in the list of contents
Explore the edition
We’re hiring a Technical Lead for our AI Lab
Join The Economist’s new AI initiative

How to form good habits, and break bad ones: trick your brain
Small rewards and a change of scenery can help

AI models could help negotiators secure peace deals
Some are being developed to help end the war in Ukraine
Scientists are getting to grips with ice
Climate change is making water freeze in unexpected ways
Microplastics have not yet earned their bad reputation
There are worrying signs. But more thorough studies of their health effects are coming
Electric vehicles also cause air pollution
Though fume-free, their brake pads and tyres disintegrate over time